: Gide advised the European Investment Bank on the setting-up of a management trust enabling the start of the "equitization" of the first tranche of the loan contracted by Carmat with the European Investment Bank (the " EIB ") on December 17, 2018, for a total amount of €30 million, as part of the agreement reached between Carmat and its financial creditors, including the EIB, on new repayment terms for all its bank
: This article sheds light on the financing of mobility in Africa. Based on two research sites (Lomé and Dakar), it first highlights the difficulties of financing projects, emphasizing the predominance and inadequacy of public funds, as well as the low level of contributions from local authorities and private players. Mobility projects require substantial investment, long-term debt and social pricing. Local commercial banks are unable to provide long-term loans due to low capital levels, while contributions from local authorities with little financial autonomy are limited to the provision of roads. To attract investors, the article recommends building a territorial governance system for mobility and developing "bankable" projects. Indeed, there are many sources of funding available. But to be eligible, projects must go beyond mere "good ideas" and be built around feasibility studies. A case in point is the Rapid Transit Bus project supported by CETUD (Conseil Exécutif des Transports Urbains Durables) in
: Following widespread looting sprees and acts of violence occurring on the sidelines of the October 17 student protests, so-called “casseurs” seem to be the centre of attention. But the term, which comes from the French verb casser or “to break”, poses more questions than answers. The sociologist Paolo Stuppia examines the unprecedented situation many cities across France are having to contend with, and the complex combination of collective action whose motivations are unclear and the social media’s extreme agility. The Conversation: How unprecedented are the scenes of looting that we witnessed on the sidelines of the October 17 demonstrations? Paolo Stuppia: What may be unprecedented is the extent of the destruction of private property and the goods that have been stolen. It should be clear, however, that not all the looters can necessarily be sorted into identifiable groups, at least politically. Indeed, as the politician Xavier Crettiez, the sociologist Isabelle Sommier and the historian François Audigier [...]